Week 25 -- Herbs and Spices

  Uses for Common Herbs and Spices

Herb/Spice Characteristics and Uses
Allspice Similar to cloves, fruits, relishes, braised meats, spice mixes
Anise Sweet licorice, Asian cuisine, pastries, breads, cheeses, sauces, soups
Basil Tomatoes, salads, eggs, fish, chicken, lamb, cheeses, garlic and oregano
Bay Leaf Woodsy background note to soups, sauces, braising liquid
Caraway Rye bread, cabbage, beans, pork, beef, veal, sauerkraut
Cardamom Aromatic, Indian cuisine, baked goods, clove and cinnamon
Chervil Related to parsley, chicken, fish, eggs, salads, soups, vegetables
Cayenne Pepper Dried and ground red chili peppers, sweet heat for soups, braises, anywhere for heat
Cilantro Asian and Mexican cuisine, tomatoes, peppers, sauces, fish, chicken
Cinnamon Used in both sweet and savory dishes, nearly every world cuisine
Cloves Sweet and warming, baking, braised meat, ham
Coriander Seeds of cilantro, earthy, lemony, meats, chicken, seafood
Cumin Smoky and earthy, chili, sausage, stews, eggs, tacos
Curry Chicken, seafood, meats, lentils, rice, vegetables
Dill Soups, salads, seafood, bread, potatoes, pickles, cheeses
Fennel Seed Sweet licorice, meats, tomatoes, sausage, sauces, lamb, eggs
Garlic Meats, tomatoes, seafood, potatoes, sauces
Ginger Spicy, zesty, sauces, pastries, poultry, seafood, curries
Mace Same plant as nutmeg, subtle, delicate, stews, sausages, she-crab soup
Marjoram Earthy, mild, sausages, pates, meats, poultry, vegetables, tomatoes
Nutmeg Sweet, pungent, curries, rice, eggs, baked goods, sauces, savory dishes
Oregano Robust, lemony, pairs with basil, pizza, tomato sauces
Paprika Sweet pepper, red color, stews, bbq sauce, poultry, seafood, rice, lentils
Peppercorns Variety of colors, pungent with mild heat
Rosemary Piney, eggs, beans, potatoes, rice, meats, seafood, lamb, stews, marinades
Saffron Subtle floral, bright yellow, rice, breads, potatoes, seafood, poultry, stews
Sage Piney, lemony, poultry, pork, stuffings, pasta, beans, tomatoes
Tarragon Licorice, poultry, fish, eggs, salad dressings, sauces, tomatoes
Thyme Pungent, woodsy, fish, chicken, meats, stews, soups, tomatoes
Turmeric Woodsy, yellow color, curries, rice, eggs, bread, sauces, seafood, poultry

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  • Herbs And Spices
    • Herbs are the leaves of plants and are added later in cooking
    • Spices are the seeds or stems of plants and are added earlier in cooking
  • Dried Herbs vs. Fresh Herbs
    • Both forms of herbs are good, but not always used the same way
    • In general, dry herbs can be added earlier in the cooking process, while fresh herbs can be added at the very end
  • International (Ethnic) Spice Teams
    • Italian: Garlic, oregano, basil
    • Latin: Cumin, coriander, cilantro
    • French: Marjoram, thyme, rosemary
    • Chinese 5-Spice: Anise, cloves, cinnamon, pepper, fennel seed
    • Indian: Turmeric, cumin, coriander, red pepper, curry
    • Spanish: Paprika, garlic, cayenne, saffron, nutmeg
    • Thai: Curry, basil, dill, mint, red pepper, cilantro, ginger, onion, coriander, tumeric, lemon grass, garlic
    • Greek: Oregano, basil, allspice, garlic, cinnamon, dill, mint, pepper, saffron, onion, fennel seed, thyme

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  • Food Type Spice Teams
    • Chicken: Thyme, rosemary, coriander, marjoram, sage, tarragon, garlic, onion, paprika
    • Fish: Coriander, tarragon, dill, cumin, marjoram, cilantro, ginger, mustard, paprika, parsley, citrus
    • Pork: Sage, rosemary, thyme, chinese 5-spice, garlic, mustard, paprika
    • Beef: Rosemary, thyme, chinese 5-spice, garlic, bay leaf
    • Lamb: Rosemary, thyme, mint, garlic, cinnamon
    • Vegetables: Thyme, rosemary, oregano, marjoram
    • Potatoes: Rosemary, thyme, parsley, garlic
  • Seasoning vs. Flavoring
    • Seasoning is adding herbs or spices to food that helps draw out the natural flavor of that food, pulling out certain food flavors and highlighting them
    • Flavoring is changing the flavor profile of the food entirely, such as marinating chicken in balsamic vinegar, or using very strong herb/spice combinations
    • The difference between seasoning and flavoring is not good or bad, just be aware of the final product that you are aiming toward

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  • Condiments/Seasonings
    • Mustards: a mixture of crushed mustard seeds, vinegar or wine, salt and/or spices
    • Ketchup: prepared tomato ketchup is really a sauce
    • Soy Sauce: a thin brown liquid fermented from cooked soy beans, wheat, and salt
    • Fish Sauce: made from fermented anchovies and salt
    • Hoisin Sauce: sweet, spicy red sauce made from soybeans, vinegar, sugar, garlic, and spices
    • Oyster Sauce: made from oysters, soy sauce, sugar, salt, water, thickened with corn starch
    • Teriyaki Sauce: soy sauce, brown sugar, honey, ginger, garic, cornstarch
    • Thai Red Chili Paste: concentrated blend of red chilies and Thai spices
    • Old Bay Seasoning: mix of celery salt, black pepper, crushed red pepper flakes, and paprika
    • Tabasco Sauce: made from peppers, vinegar, and salt
    • Jerk Seasoning: made from allspice, garlic powder, onion powder, thyme, sugar, paprika, black pepper, crushed red pepper, nutmeg, cinnamon, salt
    • Mint Jelly, Pepper Jelly
    • Horseradish: a root vegetable used as a spice and prepared as a condiment, good with mayonnaise
    • Tartar Sauce: made from mayonnaise, minced capers, pickle, lemon juice, dill
    • Cocktail Sauce: ketchup or chili sauce with horseradish
    • Chili Sauce: generally made from chilies (sweet or hot), tomato sauce, vinegar, sugar, other spices

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  • Vinegars
    • Vinegar is a thin, sour, acidic liquid used as a preservative, cooking ingredient, condiment
    • Wine Vinegars: made from white or red wine, sherry or champagne
    • Malt Vinegar: made from malted barley, sweet and mild
    • Distilled Vinegar: made from grain alcohol, strong flavor and higher acid content than other vinegars
    • Cider Vinegar: made from unpasteurized apple juice or cider
    • Rice Vinegar: clear, slightly sweet, brewed from rice wine
    • Balsamic Vinegar: made from grape must, crushed grape juice with all the skins, seeds and stems
    • Flavored Vinegars: vinegars with herbs, spices, flavors added
  • Salt Products
    • Iodized Salt: common table salt, fine grain
    • Kosher Salt: more coarse, no iodine in it, used a lot in cooking, pure, natural
    • Sea Salt: usually contains minerals from the sea where harvested, more coarse than kosher, good on pretzels or baked potatoes
    • Pink Mountain Salt: iron oxide or other minerals, depending on where it is mined, often very fine grains
    • Smoked Salt: smells like a campfire
    • Red Salt: Hawaiian, mineral laden, lava soil, large, irregular grains, aromatic, almost herbal
    • Black Cypress Sea Salt: large, irregular grains, smoky flavor, interesting plate appeal
    • Lots of other salt types are coming to market now, each with their own unique characteristics

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