Week 23 -- Exotic Grains

  • Risotto Method
    • Use arborio rice, short grain with a lot of starch, sticky
    • Start off by sauteing the arborio in fat to promote some fluffiness, akin to pilaf method
    • Get pot hot, add enough olive oil to cover bottom of pot, bring the oil to convective heat, just before smoking
    • If desired, add some chopped shallots, chopped mushrooms, garlic, or whatever you like, saute for a minute or so
    • Add 1 cup arborio rice, warm the rice up and coat with oil, but don't brown it
    • With risotto, you leave the pan uncovered, and add liquid in small amounts at a time
    • The ratio of liquid to rice will be greater than 2 to 1, but not exact, cook with eyes to see when it's done
    • Start off adding 3 oz of chicken broth, and stir till most of it is absorbed, give it a minute or so, then add another 3 oz of broth, and let it absorb slowly, stirring frequently. Just keep doing this, remember the broth needs to be hot to keep the process going
    • Risotto may take at least 6-8 small additions of broth, toward the end, take a taste to see if the rice is soft or still a bit hard, and if still hard, add more broth until it starts to show creamy stickiness
    • Adding some parmesan cheese at this point is great, keep stirring, a bit of saffron now is great, too, check for S&P
    • When done, risotto can be molded, that is, set out on the counter to desired height/depth, then cut with a biscuit cutter, and transferred to plate with a spatula, or a ramekin can be filled then turned out on a plate
    • Risotto can be a side or main dish, serve with chicken, fish, shrimp, scallops, pork or beef
    • Many possibilities: Mushroom risotto, seafood risotto, chicken risotto, broccoli risotto, asparagus risotto, cauliflower risotto, any kind of risotto you want

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  • Risotto Milanese with Shallots and Mushrooms
    • Ingredients
      • 3/4 cup Arborio rice
      • 2 cups chicken broth (3 bullion cubes)
      • 1 pinch saffron, steeped in 3 tbs chicken broth, set aside
      • 1 shallot, chopped
      • 2 garlic cloves, chopped
      • 4 oz mushrooms, 1/8 in slices
      • 2 tbs parmesan cheese
      • 1 tbs butter
    • Procedure
      • Use med/lg pot, heat for sauteing, add 2 tbs olive oil
      • Add shallots, garlic, mushrooms, cook for about 2 minutes
      • Add rice to coat with oil, not browning, to encourage some fluffiness
      • Add broth 2-3 oz at a time, wait for liquid to be mostly absorbed between additions
      • Add steeped saffron about midway through
      • Just before rice is al dente, add parmesan cheese and butter
      • Goal is sticky/creamy rice, al dente, garnish with chopped cilantro or parsley

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  • Risotto with Seafood
    • Ingredients
      • 1 cup Arborio rice
      • 3.5 cups shrimp broth or chicken broth
      • 1/2 tsp saffron, steeped in 3 tbs shrimp/chicken broth, set aside
      • 1 onion, finely diced
      • 2 garlic cloves, minced
      • 1/2 lb shrimp, bite-size pieces
      • 1/2 lb bay scallops or sea scallops in bite-size pieces
      • 6 oz crabmeat
      • 3/4 cup white wine
      • 1/4 cup sherry
      • 1/2 cup parmesan
      • 1.5 tbs butter
      • 3 tbs cream
      • Olive/canola oil as needed
      • S&P to taste
    • Procedure
      • Use med/lg pot, heat for sauteing, add 2 tbs olive oil
      • Add onions, garlic, cook for about 2 minutes
      • Add rice to coat with oil, not browning, to encourage some fluffiness, cook another couple of minutes
      • Deglaze with wine, cook until most of the wine is absorbed
      • Add broth 1/2 cup at a time, wait for liquid to be mostly absorbed between additions
      • Add steeped saffron about midway through
      • Just before rice is al dente, add parmesan cheese, butter, and cream
      • Goal is creamy rice, yet still al dente
      • Stir in seafood, cook for a couple minutes, remove from heat
      • Garnish with chopped cilantro or parsley or green onions or chives, and serve
  • Coconut Rice
    • 1 cup rice
    • 11 oz coconut milk, 5 oz chicken broth (or some ratio that comes to 2 cups)
    • 1 tsp brown sugar
    • Cook normally

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  • Quinoa -- Peru and Ecuador, mountains
    • Very healthy grain, high in protein and fiber
    • Two to one ratio of liquid (broth, water) to grain for cooking, much like rice
    • Put in pot, simmer with lid on, and 15-20 minutes later it's done, wait for all liquid to be absorbed
    • It's no more flavorful than white rice but versatile
      • Chill it down and serve with fruit or berries
      • Serve with sauteed onions and garlic
      • Top with a nice sauce/gravy, South Americans use cocoa to make mole
      • Add shrimp, chicken, pork, fish, beef, vegetables
    • Put quinoa in your rotation along with rice and other grains, potatoes, pasta, lentils
  • Lentils -- legumes, peas/beans
    • Very healthy, high in protein and fiber
    • Can be mixed with rice or quinoa or barley
    • Many colors, red, green, black, but they all cook the same
    • Because it's a legume, not a grain, lentils cook a bit differently, though similarly
      • The ratio is three to one, liquid to lentils
      • Lentils take longer to cook than grains, use simmering method with lid on
      • They are starchy and make their own gravy
      • After about 15 minutes, make desired additions, such as tomato concasse, roasted red peppers, diced shallot, diced green pepper, use whatever you like, shrimp is great, Indian paneer, herb and spice at will
      • Test for desired texture, soft yet firm may require 20 to 25 minutes total cooking time
      • Serve as a side with beef, chicken, pork, fish, whatever, or use as a main course

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  • Chickpeas -- legumes, peas/beans, seeds in pods
    • Very healthy, high in protein and fiber, low in fat, also called garbanzo beans
    • Because it's a legume, not a grain, chickpeas cook a bit differently
    • Cooking Chickpeas
      • Ingredients
        • 1 cup dried chickpeas
        • 2 qts water (8 cups) -- for soaking
        • 1.5 tbs salt -- for soak water
        • 1/2 tsp baking soda -- for soak water
        • 3 cups water -- for cooking
        • 1 tsp salt -- for cooking
        • 1/2 tsp baking soda -- for cooking
      • Procedure
        • Dried chickpeas should be soaked at least 12 hours, preferrably overnight (24 hours), in 2 qts water with 1.5 tbs salt, and 1/2 tsp baking soda, covering beans by a couple of inches
        • After soaking for 24 hours, they should double in size and are now ready for cooking, drain completely in colander, rinse them 15 seconds under running water, 1 cup of dried chickpeas yields about 2 cups of cooked beans
        • Add pre-soaked beans to a large pot, add 3 cups water, 1 tsp salt, 1/2 tsp baking soda, to cover beans by 1 inch
        • Cover pot with lid bring to low boil
        • Reduce heat to low simmer with lid on for 1 hour, check for desired tenderness, (may take longer depending on the chickpeas and how long they pre-soaked)
        • Skim foam off the top, drain the beans in colander
        • Rinse the beans with running water, and use in any recipe
        • They can be used as is for things like hummus, or falafel, or garbanzo burgers, or roasted chickpeas, or chickpea curry, or further seasoned/spiced and cooked as desired

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  • Falafel
    • Ingredients
      • 1 cup of dried chickpeas
      • Follow instructions for soaking and cooking chickpeas
      • 1/2 onion, finely diced
      • 3 garlic cloves, minced
      • 1/2 cup chopped parsley, or combination parsley and cilantro
      • 2 tbs AP flour
      • 1 egg
      • 2 tsp lemon juice
      • 3/4 tsp salt
      • 1/2 tsp pepper
      • 1/2 tsp cumin
      • 1/2 tsp dried coriander
      • 1/2 tsp paprika
      • 1/8 tsp cinnamon
      • 1/2 tsp baking powder
      • oil for frying
    • Procedure
      • Soak the chickpeas for 24 hours, drain completely, rinse well
      • Simmer chickpeas in fresh water for 1/2 hour, drain and rinse
      • Put chickpeas in food processor, along with onions, garlic, parsley, flour, egg, salt, pepper, cumin, coriander, and lemon juice
      • Process the chickpeas and herbs, seasonings, spices until very finely ground but not a puree, not a paste, but almost
      • Transfer mixture to a bowl, cover and refrigerate for 2 hours, to help the flavors meld and become easier to form into balls or patties (if forming patties --1.5 to 2 inches wide-- for pan frying, instead of balls --1.5 inch diameter-- for deep frying, allow enough thickness --at least 1/2 to 5/8 inch-- for moist, fluffy centers), mix in the baking powder just before forming balls or patties
      • Whether deep frying or pan frying, cook until golden brown and crispy on the outside
      • Serve with tahini sauce or tzatziki sauce or both

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  • Tortillitas de Garbanzos
    • Ingredients for 3 to 4 servings
      • 1 can (14 oz) garbanzo beans (chickpeas)
      • 1 onion, diced
      • 3 garlic cloves, chopped
      • 1 carrot, diced
      • 1/2 cup rolled oats
      • 1/2 cup chopped parsley and cilantro combination
      • 2 tbs cornstarch
      • 1 egg
      • 1 tsp lemon juice
      • 3/4 tsp salt
      • 1/2 tsp pepper
      • 1/2 tsp cumin
      • 1/2 tsp dried coriander
      • 1/2 tsp paprika
      • 1/8 tsp cinnamon
    • Procedure
      • Put all ingredients in food processor and mix, finely ground but not a puree
      • Transfer mixture to bowl, cover and refrigerate 1 hour or more
      • Form 1.25 inch balls, slightly flatten, coat with flour
      • Shallow fry until golden brown
      • Serve with tahini sauce or tzatziki sauce or both

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  • Chickpea Curry
    • Ingredients
      • 1 cup dried chickpeas
      • 1 medium onion, medium dice
      • 3 garlic cloves, minced
      • 10 oz baby spinach
      • 3/4 cup cherry tomatoes, sliced in half
      • 1 14 oz can coconut milk
      • 1 tsp lemon/lime juice
      • 1/4 tsp salt (or more to taste)
      • 1/4 tsp pepper
      • 2 tsp garam masala
      • 1 tsp curry powder
      • 1/2 tsp sugar
    • Procedure
      • Follow instructions for soaking and cooking chickpeas
      • In large skillet saute onions until translucent, add garlic, garam masala, curry powder
      • Add coconut milk, stir in any fond in skillet, and chickpeas, simmer for about 10 minutes, stir in lemon/lime juice, salt and pepper, sugar, tomatoes, and spinach, continue to simmer, stirring frequently, until spinach wilts, taste for salt, adjust as needed
      • Serve with rice, quinoa, polenta, grits, pasta, etc

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  • Lentil Curry
    • Ingredients
      • 1 cup dried lentils (red are good)
      • 1 medium onion, fine dice
      • 4 garlic cloves, minced
      • 1 14 oz can diced tomatoes
      • 1 14 oz can coconut milk
      • 2 tsp ginger powder
      • 1 tsp salt (or more to taste)
      • 1/2 tsp black pepper
      • 2 tsp garam masala
      • 2 tsp curry powder
      • 1/2 tsp tumeric powder
      • 3 cups water
      • 1/2 cup cilantro, chopped (for serving)
      • A few tbs yogurt (for serving)
    • Procedure
      • Saute onions, garlic, add ginger
      • Add curry powder, garam masala, tumeric, cook a couple more minutes
      • Add everything else, bring to simmer for at least 30 minutes, check lentils for tenderness
      • Lentils should be soft, sauce should be thickened and creamy, if too thick add water, if too thin continue to reduce until desired consistency is achieved
      • Stir in half of the cilantro, taste and adjust for seasoning
      • Serve over rice (jasmine or basmati), sprinkle with cilantro, add a dollop of yogurt

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  • Roasted Chickpeas
    • Ingredients
      • 1/2 cup of dried chickpeas
      • 1/2 tsp salt
      • oil for coating lightly
    • Procedure
      • Follow instructions for soaking and cooking chickpeas
      • Preheat the oven to 400°F and line a baking sheet with parchment paper
      • Spread the chickpeas on a kitchen towel and pat them dry, removing any loose skins
      • Transfer the chickpeas to a bowl and toss with a drizzle of oil and generous pinches of salt, make sure the chickpeas are all coated with oil, add your favorite spices as desired, eg., curry powder, garlic powder, onion powder, paprika, garam masala, chili powder, lemon pepper, etc
      • Transfer the chickpeas to a baking sheet covered with parchment paper, spead out evenly
      • Roast the chickpeas for 30 to 40 minutes, or until golden brown and crisp
      • Remove from the oven to cool
      • Store roasted chickpeas in a covered container at room temperature, best used within two days

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  • Polenta
    • Cornmeal mush or porridge, originating in Italy
    • Good served plain as a side dish, or as a base for saucy meat like braised short ribs, but also seafood, pork, poultry, lamb
    • Cheesy polenta goes well with all kinds of meats and sauces
    • Chilled and solidified in a baking dish, polenta can be sliced and fried or baked or broiled
    • Transferred to a baking dish or glass pie pan, it can be baked with a cheese topping
    • Cooking polenta
      • The ratio is 4 to 1, liquid to cornmeal, for firm polenta, or 5 to 1 for creamy polenta
      • Water can be used, but why not use chicken (shrimp, vegetable, beef) broth, or broth and milk or cream
      • Bring liquid to a low boil in sauce pan, then add cornmeal in a steady stream, stirring as you go
      • Bring to low simmer and cook for at least 1/2 hour until desired consistency, stir frequently
      • Now add butter and parmesan cheese, or cheese of choice, goat, gorgonzola, cheddar, etc (for ratios of butter and cheese see below under Polenta Cakes)
      • Optionally add sauteed onions and garlic, or pureed sweet corn, or whatever
    • Polenta Cakes (8 servings)
      • Ingredients
        • 1 cup polenta (corn meal)
        • 4 cups broth (chicken, beef, vegetable, shrimp, etc), or 2 cups broth and 2 cups milk for added creaminess, or 3 cups broth and 1 cup heavy cream
        • 5 tbs parmesan or cheese of choice
        • Note: 1 tbs of cream cheese per 1 cup of uncooked polenta adds luxurious texture and aids the assimilation of other cheeses in polenta while avoiding the cloying texture when heavy cream is added
        • 2 tbs butter
        • S&P to taste
      • Procedure
        • Prepare polenta in sauce pan as above in Cooking Polenta
        • Preheat oven to 400F
        • Lightly oil 7 x 11 baking dish
        • Pour cooked polenta into baking dish
        • Bake for 30-40 minutes
        • Allow to cool completely
        • Cut into squares, triangles, circles, any shape desired
        • Saute the squares until golden, 2-3 minutes per side

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  • Barley
    • One of the first grains to be cultivated, grown for over 10,000 years, found in cuisines of nearly every culture
    • Versatile grain, packed with vitamins, minerals, fiber, high in maltose
    • Chewy, pasta-like texture and mild nutty flavor
    • The cooking ratio is 2 to 1, liquid to barley, cooks like rice
    • Great in soups, or as a side on its own, or mixed with other grains or legumes
    • Traditionally associated with beef, but any meats or seafood, or fixed with vegetables, such as green beans, mushrooms, onions, garlic, etc

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  • Barley Pilaf
    • This is a basic barley pilaf, numerous combinations of herbs and spices, vegetables, and protein products (eg. beef, poultry, pork, lamb, seafood, etc) may be used
    • Ingredients (6 servings)
      • 2 tbs canola/olive oil
      • 1 cup pearl barley
      • 2.5 cups chicken or beef broth (depending on other meal elements)
      • 1 onion, finely diced
      • 1 carrot, finely diced
      • 1 stalk celery, finely diced
      • 2 cloves garlic, minced
      • 1/2 cup frozen peas
      • 1/4 cup chopped fresh parsley, divided (reserve some to sprinkle at plate up)
      • 1/2 tsp salt, 1/4 tsp black pepper
      • 1/4 tsp tumeric (optional)
    • Procedure
      • Saute the onion, carrot, celery, and garlic, transfer to a small bowl, set aside
      • Saute the barley grain, in same pan that vegetables were sauteed in, until all grains are well coated with oil
      • Cook/boil the barley with chicken or beef broth, according to package directions, until all moisture is absorbed and barley is tender, allow to rest
      • Add the sauteed vegetables to the cooked barley, add tumeric, peas, and most of the parsley, stir gently until well combined, check for seasoning and adjust as needed
      • Warm through, garnish with parsley and serve

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  • Couscous
    • North African (Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia), tiny round pasta made of coarsely ground durum wheat (semolina)
    • Versatile, healthy side dish or main dish
    • Pairs or combines well with nearly all meats, vegetables, fruits, sauces, etc
    • The cooking ratio is 1.2 to 1, liquid to dry couscous
    • Heat liquid (water, broth) to low boil, add couscous, then cover and remove from heat and allow to absorb moisture (gelatinize starches)
    • Add herbs, spices, and seasoning as desired

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  • Grits and Grit Cakes
    • Grits come to us from the Muskogee Indians of the Southeastern US region, 16th C
    • Hominy is soaked in lye, the outer layers removed, revealing the kernel within, the grit
    • The grits are then ground fine, medium, or coarse
    • The grits cooking ratio is 4:1 liquid to grits, because it is a corn product
    • Cheesy grits are achieved with the addition of cheddar, Swiss, American, parmesan, or cheese of choice (try 4 to 5 tbs)
    • Creamy grits are achieved with the addition of milk or heavy cream (try 2 cups water and 2 cups milk, or 3 cups water and 1 cup heavy cream)
    • Note: 1 tbs of cream cheese per 1 cup of uncooked grits adds luxurious texture and aids the assimilation of other cheeses in grits while avoiding the cloying texture when heavy cream is added
    • Grit Cakes #1
      • Melt 2 tbs butter in pan, saute a couple tbs each of onion, green pepper, and some garlic (essentially making a compound butter, infused with onion, pepper and garlic flavors)
      • Add 1/2 cup of grits, deglaze pan with 2 cups of chicken broth or desired liquid (if using water, add 1/4 tsp salt for each cup of water)
      • Cover and cook over low heat for 20-30 minutes until all liquid is absorbed
      • Pour grits into rectangular baking dish, and bake to remove more moisture and stiffen, 350F for 20 minutes, or until desired consistency
      • Use knife or biscuit cutter to portion and plate as side dish, or serve with chicken breast or fish fillet on top with sauce
    • Grit Cakes #2
      • Pour cooked grits into rectangular baking dish and refrigerate overnight to solidify
      • Slice cake portions and pan fry, or coat with breading, then fry (fried grit cakes)
      • Serve with chicken or seafood in sauce on top, or plain
    • Grits are great with cheese, sausage, bacon, etc, red-eye gravy
  • Bulgur Wheat
    • Middle Eastern cuisine, cracked and parboiled groats of wheat, usually durum wheat
    • Bulgur does not require cooking, although it can be included in cooked dishes, soaking in water is all that is needed
    • Used like rice, quinoa, or couscous
    • Bulgur is often used as a cereal to make a porridge with milk and sugar or maple syrup or cinnamon, or a savory porridge with meats, vegetables, and spices
    • Bulgur can be stir-fried, cooked with meat, seafood, tomatoes, onions, herbs and red pepper
    • Bulgur salad, like tabbouleh, prepared with tomato paste, fresh tomatoes, cucumbers, parsley, olive oil, and other salad ingredients to personal taste
    • The cooking process is similar to that of rice or couscous in that boiling water is used to soften the grain, for every one part bulgur, you typically need about two parts water
    • Use it in almost any recipe that calls for rice, couscous or a similar grain

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